Guta rechitsuwa rakazara nemari uye ego iyo isina sarudzo kunze kwekukwira kumusoro. uye kumusoro. uye kumusoro. Fungidzira denga reManhattan richifamba zvishoma nezvishoma, kutanga munenge muna 1890-apo New York Peace Tower yakakwira pamusoro peiyo 284-foot spire yeTrinity Church-uye ichizoguma nhasi: nhevedzano inoenderera yezvakaitwa nedenga, imwe neimwe itsva inodada duel ichifukidza yekupedzisira.
Zvichida yakawanda yenhoroondo iyi yakasundwa nemakwikwi anotyisa—somuenzaniso, hondo inotyisa yezita rechivako chakareba zvikurusa munyika yose pakati peChrysler Building neManhattan Bank Trust Building (40 Wall Street), iyo Chrysler yakahwina nomuganho unoshamisa. . margin Beat muhondo: Spire yakavakwa pachivande yakawedzerwa paminiti yekupedzisira, ichisundira rekodhi repamusoro reNew York kusvika 1,046 tsoka mumwedzi inokosha 11 Empire State Building isati yasvika pamusoro. Asi nhoroondo yezvivakwa yeguta haigone kuderedzwa kuita mechanics emitambo. Zvimwe zvinhu zviri kuitika. Manhattan yakavakwa nekuti yaisakwanisa kukura uye yaisagona kugara. Avo vagari vanokwanisa kuita izvi vachaedza kukwira gomo.
Iye zvino tiri kurarama munguva yakasiyana yekukwira. Kune 21 zvivakwa muguta ane denga kureba pamusoro 800 tsoka, manomwe ayo akavakwa mumakore 15 apfuura (uye nhatu dzacho dzakavakwa mumwedzi 36 yapfuura). MuNew York yakakosha iyi, tinoongorora nzvimbo yezvitsuwa yakakwirira-yakamira pamusoro pemamita makumi maviri nerimwe. Nzvimbo yayo yese inosvika 34 miriyoni masikweya mafiti uye inosanganisira nzvimbo dzekugara dzeumbozha, nzvimbo inoyevedza yebasa (panguva uye mushure mekuvaka), ma-hangouts ekupedzisira. Sezvineiwo, ruzivo rwehurefu hutsva uhwu hunosiyana nezvakaitika kare apo miseve yakasimudzwa kusvika 400, 500, kana 600 tsoka. Pakukwirira kwemamita 800 uye pamusoro, pane chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika muguta rine migwagwa inonhuwa uye migwagwa ine vanhu vakawanda inomirira, inofamba neusimbe uye ichimhanya - rudzi rwekudzokera kumashure. Wese muNew Yorker anoziva kuti ndezvipi zvekuzvivharira zvinofadza zvinogona kuwanikwa pakati pemhomho yevanhu vasingazivikanwe mumigwagwa. Ndechimwe chinhu: pfungwa yakakasharara yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe inokonzerwa nekusvika padanho rekuona risingaite serinokodzera ziso remunhu.
Makore gumi kubva zvino, pfungwa dzinopihwa mumapeji anotevera dzinogona kuita sedzisinganzwisisike uye dzisina kukwana. Asi nhasi vanopa zviono zvisingawanzoitiki zvenzvimbo itsva dzisingawanzoitiki dzeguta mudenga. Jack Silverstein ♦
Alicia Mattson, anoshanda pamusoro peWorld Trade Center 1, anoenzanisa chiitiko chacho chiri mamita anopfuura 800 ne“kuva mubhora guru rechando. Zvese zvakadzikama. " Ferry parwizi Mwanakomana. "Unotarisa pazvinhu zvakaita sekufamba kwechikepe," akadaro. “Haunzwi kunge uri muguta chairo.” Pakukwirira uku, ruzha rwehupenyu hwemuguta hunonyangarika pamwe chete nemashoko epedyo. Maonero acho haana kujeka. Mota nevanofamba netsoka mumugwagwa vanoita kunge vari kukambaira.
"Ungazvidemba here kana rimwe remadotsi rikamira zvachose?" anobvunza Harry Lime pavhiri reFerris muThe Third Man.
Hofisi yaJimmy Park iri pauriri hwechi85, uye munguva yake yaakasununguka anofarira kukwira makomo, nemamwe mashoko, “Unotarisa pasi pane chisipo uye unonzwa sokuti une rwendo rurefu rwokuenda.” enda kubva kwaunoda kuenda kana uchida kuchengetedzwa. Kuona uri kure kunoti kurapawo. Zvinoitika mundege, mumakomo, pamahombekombe egungwa. Ndichange ndichisangana nemutengi mutsva uye tinenge takatarisa kunze nepahwindo uye tichinakidzwa nekunyarara kunonyevenutsa uku.
“Zvakangofanana,” anoenderera mberi, “ne“maonero” ayo vanoongorora muchadenga vanonzwa uye ndiwo wakatungidza kufamba kwemhoteredzo yose. Iwe unoziva kuti uri mudiki sei uye kukura kwakaita nyika. "
Testamende Yekare inozivisa kuti mupata wose unofanira kusimudzwa uye chikomo chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuderedzwa, maererano nedzidziso dzechinyakare dzekuenzana nekuenzanisa. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi 18, kutya, kutya, uye kufadzwa kwaichimbova kwakachengeterwa Mwari kwakanga kwachinja kuva zviitiko zvemigariro zvakadai semakomo uye chinoitika chokukunda nhongonya. Kant akaidaidza kuti "yakanyanya kunaka." Muzana ramakore rechi19, nekuvandudzwa kwemichina mitsva nemaguta, zvisikwa zvaipesana nezvakaitwa nevanhu. Iyo sublime inosvikika nekukwira kumusoro kwezvivakwa zvirefu.
Nemweya uyu, Richard Morris Hunt akagadzira New York Tribune Building, yakapera muna 1875, iine bhero shongwe yemamita mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu yaikwikwidzana neTrinity Church sechivako chakareba kwazvo muguta. Chikamu chechina chezana remakore gare gare, Daniel Burnham's 285-foot Flatiron Building yakagadzira itsva yakanaka kune yakareba uye yakatetepa, nokukurumidza yakakwikwidza 700-foot MetLife Tower yakatarisana neMadison Square Park. padyo neWoolworth Building Cass Gilbert, 1913, 792 ft.
Pasati papera makore makumi maviri gare gare, New York skyline yakawana Platonic yakanaka muChrysler uye Empire State Building. Empire State Building's 204-foot mooring mast, iyo isati yambomira, ndiyo yekutengeserana yakaenzana neTrinity College's spire. Sokunyora kunoita EB White, zvitarisiko zvemuguta zviri “kunyika izvo matombo machena echechi ari kumaruwa—zviratidzo zvinooneka zveshuviro nokutenda, minhenga michena inonongedzera kumusoro.”
Iyo ine makomo yeNew York denga rave chiratidzo cheguta, mufananidzo wepositadhi weAmerican Age uye yemhando yepamusoro bhaisikopo mufananidzo, silhouette yayo inoratidza zvaiitika pazasi. Pfungwa yeWhite yakavakirwa pahupenyu hwemumugwagwa hune simba, nzira iyo shongwe dzinosangana negwara uye mujinga. Maguta ane chido mumakumi emakore achangopfuura akavaka zvivakwa zvirefu kupfuura New York City asi haana kumbobvira atsiva Manhattan zvachose, muchidimbu nekuti skylines ndiwo mamiriro ekumadhorobha, kana asina kutorwa kubva munzvimbo chaidzo, dzine chipatapata.
Hafu yezana ramakore rapfuura, muManhattan, chinzvimbo chakatemerwa nekusarudzika kwevavakidzani, kwete kureba chete: imba yechimakumi maviri yepasi paPark Avenue ichiri chiratidzo chepamusoro pepiramidhi yemagariro. Panguva iyoyo, kureba kwaiita dzungu chaiko semamita mazana masere ainyanya zvivakwa zvekutengesa, kwete zvivakwa zvekugara. Skyscrapers inoshambadza makambani. Nehurefu hwakadaro, mari yekuvaka yakakwirira haigoni kuvharwa nedzimba chete.
Izvi zvakangochinja mumakore gumi apfuura kana zvakadaro, apo dzimba dzemuzvivakwa zveumbozha senge 15 Central Park West dzakamboita madhora zviuru zvitatu kana kupfuura paskweya tsoka. Pakarepo, purojekiti yakareba kwazvo, yakaonda kwazvo ye57th Street ine slab yepasi yakakura zvakakwana kuti iite furati kana maviri uye inoda marefiti mashoma kuti atore nzvimbo pane chivakwa chekutengesa richava dambudziko kuvagadziri vane hasha. purofiti. Vagadziri vezvivakwa vane mukurumbira vaibatanidzwa. Sezvo Carol Willis, mutungamiriri wekutanga weSkyscraper Museum muLower Manhattan, anoda kutaura, fomu rinotevera mari.
Hurefu hwakangoerekana hwatsiva nharaunda sechiratidzo chechimiro, muchidimbu nekuti mirau yenzvimbo yaitungamira skyscrapers kunzvimbo dzisingadzoreki dzekushandisa dzakawanda dzeguta dzakadai se57th Street, iyo yakapawo mikana yekuita mari kuCentral Park, muchidimbu nekuti yaive yakananga kuSouth Asia. maindasitiri emhangura uye maOligarchs eRussia ane zvishoma zvinokurudzira kugara mudzimba dzavo. Havadi vavakidzani zvakadaro. Vanoda maonero. Vagadziri vanoshambadza zvivakwa se de facto country estates, uko mikana yekusangana nemumwe munhu asiri mushandi wechivako ichi haikosheswi, uye yavo yekudyira ndeyevanogara chete, saka kunyange kudya kunze hazvidiwi. chaizvoizvo anobuda.
Vagari vomuNew York vakawanda, vasingagutsikani nokuderedzwa kwemitero kwakapiwa kune vane simba uye vane simba veaya masitepisi, vakazvifungidzira vamene vachishanda mumimvuri mirefu, isina kujeka yakakandwa neshongwe itsva. Asi mimvuri parutivi, izvo hazvisi zvechokwadi zvachose kune zvivakwa-refu-refu. Vamwe vangasafarira saizi yavo, asi dzimba shoma munzvimbo zhinji dzisiri dzekugara padyo neMidtown kana Wall Street handiziri honzeri yekukura uye kutamiswa. Panogona kunge paine zvishoma zvexenophobia mune iyo anti-top phenomenon. Kutaura chokwadi, kune vakawanda vakapfuma maChina, maIndia nemaArabu avo, sevakavatangira vechiJudha, vanosarudza kutarira pasi pamabhodhi emubatanidzwa eUpper East Side kana vatarisana nechisarudzo chisingagoneki chekuongorora.
Zvisinei, 57th Street yava kuzivikanwa seBillionaire Street uye hupfumi hwasvika pakakwirira. Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yeskyscraper kune zvakawanda zvekuita neizvi. William F. Baker, uyo akabatsira kugadzira Burj Khalifa yekuDubai, shongwe yakareba kupfuura dzose pasi rose nemafiti 2,717, munguva pfupi yapfuura akatsanangura mainjiniya ari kuita hupenyu hwakareba mamita 800. Mainjiniya, avo vave nenguva vachifunga nzira yekuchengetedza skyscrapers kubva pakudonha, vari kuramba vachitarisa pane dambudziko rakaoma: kuita kuti vanhu vari mukati vanzwe vakachengeteka, anodaro. Iri ibasa rakaoma nekuti zvivakwa zvirefu uye zvitete zvikuru zvakagadzirirwa kukotama pane kutyoka semapapiro endege. Vanhuwo zvavo vanonetseka pamusoro pezviitwa muzvivako zvirefu nguva refu zvisati zvaitika chero chinhu chinotyisidzira kuchengeteka kwavo. Kusundidzira kudiki kwaunotora mumotokari kana chitima kunogona kukonzera kutya pasi pe100 kumusoro, kunyangwe iwe uchiri wakachengetedzeka muchivakwa pane mumotokari.
Kuedza kunoshamisa kuri kuitwa pari zvino kuderedza mhedzisiro iyi. Nhasi shongwe dzakatetepa dzakashongedzerwa neanopikisa, madhamu uye zvimwe zvigadziriso zvinofamba, pamwe chete nema lifti anosimudza vanhu mudenga, asi kwete nekukurumidza zvekuti unonzwa chero g-force inokanganisa. Kumhanya kwemamita makumi matatu pasekondi kunoita sekumhanya kwakakodzera, zvichiratidza kuti shongwe dzeumbozha dzinogona kusundidzirwa kusvika kumagumo-kwete nekuti hatigone kugadzira zvivakwa kureba mamaira, asi nekuti vakapfuma vanoroja havabvumire chokwadi chekuti zvinotora. maminitsi. kuchivakwa Inbound elevator inokwira kuenda kudzimba uko mari yegore reRepublic of Palau inobhadharwa.
Zvinodiwa zveinjiniya zvinonzi zvinoverengera chikamu chakakura chemutengo wemakondomu akareba senge 432 Park Avenue, parizvino chivakwa chakareba kwazvo chekondomu muMidtown Manhattan uye chimwe cheanodhura zvakanyanya. Kunze kwayo mesh yekongiri uye girazi, senge Sol LeWitt yakawedzera kana vase yakawedzera naJosef Hoffmann (kana chigunwe chepakati chakasimudzwa, zvichienderana nemaonero ako). Zvivhariso zvihombe zvakapetwa kaviri padhuze nedenga, saizi yeinjini yelocomotive - uye inoshamisira inoshamisa-yakaviri-kureba maonero eguta - inoita seanokatyamadza, ichipa ballast nekudzivirira chandeliers kubva pakurira uye magirazi echampagne achidonha pamusoro.
Kana iyo Petronas Towers neEmpire State Building yaimbove muganho weManhattan wekuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba, mapango emudenga reguta, nzvimbo dzekambasi zvino dzinosanganisira 1 World Trade, 432 Park, uye One57 mabhuroko mashoma kumadokero. Iyo yekupedzisira, ine macurves ayo asina kunaka uye mahwindo ane tinted, inotungamira kubva pakati peguta reManhattan kuenda kuLas Vegas kana Shanghai. Inenge mamaira kure, chivakwa chikuru chechako chinonzi Hudson Yards chinotyisidzira kuita mini-Singapore yeWest End.
Asi kuravira kwakaoma pamutemo. Pakapedzwa Chivako cheChrysler, chakatambirwa nekutya nevatsoropodzi chichibva charumbidzwa sepurani yezvivako zvine nhurikidzwa refu, sezvo magirazi emazuva ano neshongwe dzesimbi zvakachinja mamiriro ekunze epashure pehondo ndokumutsa hasha itsva. Tichitarisa kumashure, tinogona kuona kuti ma1950s enzvimbo dzakaita seGordon Bunshaft's Lever House paSOM uye Mies van der Rohe's Seagram chivakwa chaive chakanaka uye chakashongedzwa sechinhu chero chipi zvacho muUnited States, kunyangwe mumakumi emakore akatevera dzakashanduka. yakaburitsa mamirioni ezvimiro zvezvivakwa zvekutevedzera zvinosvibisa Manhattan uye kuvharidzira hunyanzvi hwepakutanga. Yakanga iri nguva yekubuda kwevachena uye kupararira kwemaguta, apo Roland Barthes akarondedzera New York seguta rakamira rakamira, “vanhu vasipo pakuunganidzirwa,” uye dzinonzi shongwe dzemapaki dzeAmerica, kazhinji kazhinji dzainyomba zvisakarurama. nzvimbo dzevarombo, dzakawanda dziri kunze kweguta, dzakasiiwa. Guta rakashata zvikurusa skyscraper pa375 Pearl Street, yaizivikanwa kwenguva refu seVerizon Tower, imhuka isina mahwindo ichiri pamusoro peBrooklyn Bridge. Yakavakwa naMinoru Yamasaki muna 1976, mushure meTwin Towers, uye New Yorkers vangavada kana kuvavenga - kusvikira vazhinji vavaona zvakasiyana, uye kwete nekuda kwezvakaitika. 11 Gunyana. Mambakwedza nemasikati, makona eshongwe dzakagadzirwa anotora chiedza chezuva, zvichiita kuti maribhoni eorenji nesirivheri ayangamire mumhepo. Iye zvino 1 World Trade yasimuka kubva mumadota. Classic modernist skyscrapers vadzoka mufashoni. Kuravira, senge New York skyline, inoramba iri basa risingaperi.
Pazvivakwa zvitsva, ndinoda 432, yakagadzirwa naRafael Viñoly, uye jumble yakadzidza ye56 Leonard, mudhorobha (Herzog & de Meuron ndivo vanovaka). Pazvivakwa zvitsva, ndinoda 432, yakagadzirwa naRafael Viñoly, uye jumble yakadzidza ye56 Leonard, mudhorobha (Herzog & de Meuron ndivo vanovaka). Из новы зданий мавит равит ра ра раш раш & de Meuron). Pazvivakwa zvitsva, ndinoda Rafael Vignoli's 432 uye hodgepodge yaLeonard ye56 iri pakati peguta (vagadziri Herzog & de Meuron). Из новостроек мне нравятся 432, спроектированные Рафаэлем Виньоли, и 56 Леонардов в центре города (архитектор Herzog & de Meuron). Pazvivakwa zvitsva, ndinoda 432, yakagadzirwa naRafael Vignoli, uye 56 Leonards mukati meguta (mugadziri Herzog & de Meuron).Iwo akagadzirwa zvine hungwaru kushongedza denga. Vamwe vari kusimuka, senge 53 West 53rd Jean Nouvel, padyo neMuseum of Modern Art, uye 111 57th Street, yakagadzirwa neSHoP Architects, inovimbisa kubatsira kudzosera zvikero kumafungiro echinyakare. Shongwe mabhokisi akagadzirira-kuenda-kuenda akatsiva zvivakwa izvi kwemakumi emakore.
Vamwe vachiri kutya kuti muguta mune mizinda yakawanda yevakuru vakuru. Vanogona kutora nyaradzo mukuti iyo yekupedzisira-yakareba phenomenon yaive mutambo wemacheya emari. Mitemo mitsva yemubatanidzwa ine chinangwa chekurwisa makambani emagoko uye kubiwa kwemari zvino inoda kuti vanotenga mari dzedzimba dzeumbozha vaburitse mazita chaiwo evaridzi vadzo. Zvinoitika kuti inenge hafu yekutenga kwezvivakwa muManhattan inobhadharwa nemari, uye chetatu chezvese zvakatorwa zvedzimba nyowani mukati meguta vatengi vekunze. Yakasanganiswa nemitengo yemafuta iri kudonha uye kuchinjika kwemitengo yekuchinja kweyuan, mitemo mitsva inoratidzika kunge ine chekuita. Parizvino, iyo 800+ tsoka yekondomu musika inoramba ichidzikira. Mamwe mafurati marefu-refu ari pakadhirowa anogona kunonoka.
Vatungamiriri vemakambani havachadi zvivakwa zvitsva zvemakambani. Ivo vakanyanya kukodzera mamireniyumu vanofarira kugadziridzwa zvivakwa, hupenyu hwemumugwagwa uye nzvimbo dzebasa. Architect Bjarke Ingels nguva pfupi yadarika akagadzira shongwe dzinoverengeka muNew York dzine maturu makuru anokwira anotora kunakidzwa kwemugwagwa mumhepo.
"Maitiro acho ndeekugadzira nzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa dzine mahwindo epasi-ku-dari kuitira kuti upinde mukati," akadaro Ingels. “Nzvimbo yakashama yaimbonzi inonetsa isingakanganise kukosha kwechivako, asi ndinofunga kuti zviri kuchinja. Ndiri kutanga kunzwa vanhu vari mubhizimusi rekuroja vachiti vanoda nzvimbo dzakavhurika. Izvi zviri mudzimba dzekugara uye dzekutengeserana. " “Saka. Ini ndinofunga ramangwana remamita mazana masere riri pamusoro pekudyidzana nenyika dzekunze pane kutiza. "
Zvingava. New York ine mhepo uye inotonhora zvikuru. Kwemakore, amainini vangu vakarenda imba yepasi-yepasi pauriri hwegumi nenhanhatu hwechivako muGreenwich Village, ine patio yakatarisana neWashington Square Park nezasi kweManhattan, kunyangwe mazhinji emaonero ari akaderera. zvivakwa zvirefu, matenga etara matema uye moto unopukunyuka. Zuva-rakacheneswa girini uye chena canvas canopy inogona kuvhurwa kugadzira mumvuri patara. Mumugwagwa maibuda manzwi nemahuta emota. Mvura yemvura yakapfachukira pauriri hweterracotta. Muchirimo, kamhepo kanovhuvhuta kubva murwizi. Pandinenge ndiri kuNew York, ndinonzwa semunhu anofara zvikuru muNew York, kumusoro uye pakati peguta.
Munhu wese anotapira akasiyana. Ini ndakamira paWindow 1 World Trade pa1000 tsoka neJimmy Park. Akatenda maonero eBrooklyn neQueens. Pazasi pedu pane denga re7 World Trade, iri padyo ne743-foot girazi hofisi shongwe yakaumbwa zvine hunyanzvi naDavid Childs, pazasi pedu. Tinogona chete kunzwisisa makanika. Murume akamira ipapo anogona kunge ari pfungwa yaHarry Lime.
Ndakabvunza Parker kuti aifunga kuti akanga akareba sei. Akakwenya huma yake. Akati akanga asina kunyatsofunga nezvazvo. ♦
Michael Kimmelman muongorori wezvivakwa zveThe New York Times. Kuburitswa kwake kwekupedzisira mumagazini iyi kwaive nezvemadziva epachivande eManhattan nemagadheni.
Matthew Pillsbury mutori wemifananidzo. Basa rake richaratidzwa paBen Ruby Gallery muNew York muna 2017.
Yaimbozivikanwa seFreedom Tower, ndiyo yakareba skyscraper muWestern Hemisphere uye ine maelevator anokurumidza. High-speed elevator inofamba pamakiromita makumi maviri nemaviri paawa uye inosimuka kubva pasi kusvika pa100th floor in less than 60 seconds.
Makore gumi nematatu mushure me9/11, mazana evashandi vePort Authority vaive vekutanga vafambi kudzokera kubasa panzvimbo iyi.
Yekutanga skyscraper kuvakwa "core first" mudhorobha reNew York, uko kongiri yekongiri yechivako, inogara maelevator, masitepisi, michina nemapombi emvura, inovakwa pamberi pesimbi yekunze. masangano evashandi eguta Boycott of metallurgists.
"Zvivakwa zvakawanda hazvina hunhu," akadaro Robert AM Stern, muvaki weiyo yakareba kwazvo condominium mudhorobha reNew York. “Haudi kufambidzana navo kechipiri. Asi unogona kutanga kudanana nechivako chedu.”
Zvese zviri zviviri chivakwa neChrysler Building zvinoti ndicho chivakwa chakareba kwazvo pasi rose, uye zvese zviri kuvakwa. Yaimbozivikanwa se40 Wall Street, yakagara isingasviki mwedzi kusvika spire yawedzerwa kuChrysler Building. Risingasviki gore gare gare vakatorwa neEmpire State Building.
Kambani yeinishuwarenzi yeAmerican International Group yakasiya chivakwa cheArt Deco muna 2009 uye pari zvino yave kuchishandura kuita $600 miriyoni hotera uye imba yekurojesa.
Pakapedzwa, chivakwa ichi chaimbozivikanwa se1 Chase Manhattan Plaza ndicho chaive chivakwa chikuru cheguta rekutengesa kwechikamu chechina chezana, imba huru yebhanga ine denga rimwe chete yakambovakwa, uye yekutanga muNew York City kushandisa "1 Chase" building. , , Plaza” sekero yebhizimisi.
Yakatumidzwa Jenga Tower mushure mekugadzirwa nePritzker Prize-vanohwina zvivakwa Jacques Herzog naPierre de Meuron, pasi pechivako cantilevered inotambanuka kumativi ese kubva pakati peaxis.
Mugadziri wezvivakwa Frank Gehry paakanga achidya kudya kwemasikati nemugadziri wezvivakwa Bruce Ratner, Ratner akamubvunza, "Chii chaunoda kuvaka muNew York?" Gehry akadhirowa dhizaini pajira.
The Art Deco chivakwa spire chakagadzirwa semoring mast uye denga rayo i zeppelin warehouse, vafambi vachashandisa yekunze terasi pa103rd pasi uye yakajeka tsika pa102nd floor. Iyo updraft yakatenderedza chivako yakakanganisa hurongwa hwekumhara kweairship.
Yekutanga ye16 shongwe itsva dzakarongerwa Hudson Yards nemutengo we25 bhiriyoni. Chivako ichi chine chayo chakasanganiswa kupisa uye magetsi chirimwa uye chakabatana neguta utility uye microgrid pamwe nemamwe akati wandei emagetsi emagetsi ari pedyo.
Walter Chrysler akaramba kubhadhara mugadziri William Van Alen mushure mekunge chivako chake chakazvimiririra chakava chivakwa chakareba kwazvo pasi rose. Van Alen akamhan'arira uye pakupedzisira akawana mari yake, asi haana kuzogamuchirazve makuru ekugadzira makomisheni.
Muna 2005, MetLife yakafambisa kamuri yayo yemusangano ye1893, kusanganisira sirin'i yegoridhe yeshizha, pasi pehuni, nzvimbo yemoto, uye zvigaro, kusvika pauriri hwe57th.
Ndiyo yekutanga yekutengesa yakakwira-kukwira chivakwa kuti uwane LEED Platinum certification, iyo yepamusoro soro chiyero chivakwa chinogona kuwana. Nyuchi dzinogara pane imwe yematenga ari kunyura.
Payakatsanangurwa uye kubvumidzwa muna 1999, mugadziri wayo, VaDonald Trump, vakaidaidza kuti chivakwa chakareba kwazvo chekugara pasirese, asi vakatarisana nekupikiswa kwakasimba. Aimbove Yankee Derek Jeter akatenga penthouse muna 2001 (akaitengesa muna 2012).
"Mbiru" dzine nhurikidzwa dzechivakwa cheCitigroup dzinoita kuti zvikwanise kuisa chechi mune imwe yemakona enzvimbo. Denga racho riri pakona ye45-degree uye rakagadzirirwa solar panels, izvo zvisati zvamboiswa sezvo denga risingatarise zuva zvakananga.
Chivako ichi chichiri kuzivikanwa seRockefeller Center pakutanga chaisanganisira zvivakwa 14 uye chaishandira makumi ezviuru zvevashandi panguva yeKuderera Kukuru Kweupfumi, kusanganisira 11 vashandi vesimbi vanoratidzwa pano pauriri hwemakumi matatu hweDombo (yava kunzi Comcast University) mufananidzo wekudya kwemasikati padanda. . tsoka dzadzo dzinorembera mamita mazana masere nemakumi mashanu kubva pasi.
Chikamu chekutengeserana, chivakwa chekugara panzvimbo yaimbova Chitoro cheAlexander chinosanganisira chivanze chakafemerwa nemadziro eNew York City seGrand Central Station neNew York Public Library's Main Branch Reading Room.
Parizvino chivakwa chakareba kwazvo chekugara pasirese, chakafemerwa nemagaba emarara uye chakagadzirwa chakatenderedza icho mugadziri waro Rafael Vignoli anorondedzera se "yakachena kwazvo yejometry: sikweya."
Nekuda kwekukanganisa panguva yekuvaka, chivakwa chakaguma 11 tsoka pamusoro pemuganhu wakatarwa nevarongi veguta. Retroactive mvumo haina kupihwa; pachinzvimbo, mugadziri akabhadhara faindi ye2.1 miriyoni yemadhora, chikamu chayo chakaitirwa kugadzirisa nzvimbo yekutamba yekutamba pedyo nedhorobha.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2022