Mukuzivisa chishuvo chesimba rinodzoreredzwa svondo rino, manejimendi eBiden akasimbisa chikepe chiri kuvakwa muBrownsville sechiratidzo chemikana yehupfumi hwegirini.
Pamwe paBrownville Channel uye zvakananga muGulf yeMexico sechibhorani, mumwe wevagadziri vakuru vemafuta ekumahombekombe paGulf Coast akashandura mahekita zana nemakumi masere evhu kuita mugodhi wegoridhe chaiwo. Nzvimbo yezvikepe ine nhurikidzwa yezvivakwa 43, zvinosanganisira mashedhi egungano 7 akakura, panobhururuka pfarivari dzemoto, uye sando dzemhepo dzinoputika mazviri, zvichinyevera nemabhii kuti kukanganisa kupi zvako kungakonzera kuremara. Sign. Simbi kuseri kwendiro yesimbi yematani matatu yakatsvedzerwa kune rumwe rutivi rwefekitari. Kune rimwe divi, semamwe matoyi akaomarara kubva kumusangano waSanta, achitenderedza mamwe anorema uye akaomesesa emagetsi maindasitiri emuchina munyika.
Munguva yekuwanda kweoiri mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21, nzvimbo inochengeterwa ngarava yakaramba ichigadzira “michina yekuchera jack-up.” Aya mapuratifomu ekumahombekombe akareba kunge skyscrapers uye anobvisa mafuta mamaira pasi pepasi pegungwa, imwe neimwe ichitengeswa nemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni. Makore mashanu apfuura, chikara chine nhurikidzwa makumi maviri neimwe chakazvarwa pachivanze, chainzi Krechet, iyo yaive yakakura kwazvo-yakavakirwa mafuta munhoroondo munhoroondo. Asi Krechet- "gyrfalcon" muchiRussia, rudzi rukuru rwefalcon uye chikara cheArctic tundra-yakaratidza kuve dinosaur. Iye zvino uchitora mafuta eIrving-based ExxonMobil nevamwe vayo pachitsuwa cheSakhalin pedyo neRussia, iyi inogona kunge iri yekupedzisira kugadzirwa kwemafuta akadaro kuvakwa nenzvimbo yezvikepe.
Nhasi, panguva yakaoma inoratidzira shanduko yeindasitiri yemafuta negasi iri kutsvaira Texas nepasirese, vashandi veBrownsville Shipyard vari kuvaka rudzi rutsva rwengarava. Kufanana nechigadziko chemafuta chekare, ichi ngarava ine simba yekunze kwenyika ichafamba ichienda kugungwa, ichiisa makumbo ayo anorema esimbi pasi pegungwa, shandisa mahudyu aya kuzvitsigira kusvikira yayambuka mvura yakaoma, uyezve, mukutamba kwe power and precision , Muchina unowira murima rakadzika iro richapinda mumatombo ari pasi pegungwa. Nekudaro, panguva ino, zviwanikwa izvo ngarava inoda kugadzira haisi mafuta. Imhepo.
Iyo Richmond, Virginia-yakavakirwa simba inogadzira Dominion Energy iyo yakaraira ngarava ichaishandisa kutyaira mirwi muzasi kweAtlantic Ocean. Pachipikiri chimwe nechimwe chakareba mamita zana chakanyudzwa mumvura, simbi inonongedza mitatu uye fibreglass windmill ichaiswa. Hub yayo inotenderera inenge saizi yebhazi rechikoro uye inosvika 27 nyaya pamusoro pemasaisai. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga turbine yekumisikidza ngarava yakavakwa muUnited States. Sezvo mapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe, achiri kunyanya kuwanikwa muEurope, achiwedzera kuwedzera kumahombekombe eUnited States, Brownsville Shipyard inogona kuvaka zvikepe zvakafanana.
Uku kusimba kwakawedzera kusimba munaKurume 29, apo hutongi hweBiden hwakazivisa hurongwa hutsva hwekuwedzera simba remhepo kuUS, iyo yakati ichasanganisira mabhiriyoni emadhora muzvikwereti zvemubatanidzwa uye magrants, pamwe nenhevedzano yemapurazi matsva emhepo ane chinangwa chekusimudzira nhanho dzePolisi. yekuisa. Kumabvazuva, kumadokero uye Gulf Coast yeUnited States. Muchokwadi, chiziviso chinoshandisa chikepe chakavakwa paBrownsville Shipyard semuenzaniso weUS renewable energy project iyo inotarisira kukurudzira. Hurumende inotaura kuti indasitiri yemhepo yekumhiri kwemakungwa "ichapa kuberekwa kwecheni nyowani inosvika pamwoyo weUnited States, sezvakaratidzwa nematani zviuru gumi zvesimbi yemumba inopihwa nevashandi muAlabama neWest Virginia kune ngarava dzeDominion." Ichi chinangwa chitsva chemubatanidzwa ndechekuti panosvika gore ra2030, United States ichashandisa makumi ezviuru zvevashandi kuti vatumire 30,000 megawatts emagetsi emhepo. (Megawati imwe inopa simba mudzimba dzinenge 200 muTexas.) Iyi ichiri isingasviki hafu yeicho China yaitarisirwa kuva nayo panguva iyoyo, asi yakakura kana ichienzaniswa nemamegawati 42 esimba remhepo kubva kumahombekombe akaiswa muUnited States nhasi. Tichifunga kuti chikamu chesimba reUS chinowanzo ronga kuita mari hombe mukati memakumi mashoma emakore, hurongwa hwehurumende huchakurumidza.
Kune chero Texan anowanzo kuseka bhizinesi resimba rinodzokororwa, offshore mhepo simba inopa inonakidza yechokwadi cheki. Kubva pahuwandu hwekubheja kusvika kune inodiwa engineering, yakangofanana neindasitiri yemafuta, yakakodzera kune avo vane homwe dzakadzika, chishuwo chikuru, uye midziyo mikuru. Boka revezvematongerwo enyika, vanodyidzana neoiri-nzara, vakakanganisa vakapomera ma turbine emhepo akaomeswa nechando nekuda kwekutadza kunotyisa kweTexas power system panguva yedutu rechando Kukadzi. Vanoreva kuti mafuta efossil achiri iwo ega anovimbika simba remagetsi. Nekudaro, makambani emafuta akawanda anofanirwa kuzvidavirira kwete kune avo vezvematongerwo enyika chete asiwo kune vanogovana pasi rose. Ivo vari kuratidza kuburikidza nekudyara kwavo kuti vanoona mamwe masimba emagetsi sesosi yekukura kwekambani, uye purofiti iyi yemakambani epic neindasitiri yemafuta. Kukanganisa kwekuderera.
Makambani emunyika dzakawanda ane nzvimbo inochengeterwa ngarava yeBrownsville uye makambani emunyika dzakawanda anogadzira ngarava dzesimba remhepo ndevamwe vemakondirakiti makuru eindasitiri yepetroleum. Makambani maviri aya aive nemari inodarika mabhiriyoni matanhatu emadhora gore rapfuura; vose vakatambura kurasikirwa kukuru mukutengesa uku; vese vakatsvaga pekutangira mumusika wesimba remagetsi. Dambudziko remafuta rakadzama. Chikamu chechikonzero iko kushomeka kwenguva pfupi kweCCIDID-19, iyo yakaderedza zviitiko zvehupfumi hwenyika. Zvakanyanya kukosha, kukura kunoratidzika kunge kusingadzivisike mukudiwa kwemafuta muzana ramakore rapfuura kuri kupera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuwedzera kutarisisa nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kufambira mberi mune yakachena tekinoroji - kubva kumotokari dzemagetsi kuenda kudzimba dzinofambiswa nemhepo uye simba rezuva - zvakakonzera shanduko yenguva refu kune yakachipa uye yakachipa dzimwe nzira dzefossil.
George O'Leary, muongorori anotarisa simba kuTudor, Pickering, Holt & Co., ari muHouston, akati kunyange zvazvo mafuta negasi kudzoka kwave kusina kunaka munguva pfupi yapfuura, "mari yakawanda iri kuuya" muchikamu chesimba remagetsi. Investment bank. Iyo kambani chiratidzo chekuchinja kwepasirese kwenzvimbo yemafuta eTexas-yakagara yakatarisana neoiri uye gasi, asi iko zvino yave kuita zvakasiyana. O'Leary akafananidza kufarira kutsva kwevakuru vemafuta ekuTexas kwesimba rinodzokororwa nekunakidzwa kwavo nemafuta e shale uye gasi makore gumi nemashanu apfuura; kutozosvikira matekinoroji matsva aderedza mutengo wekuchera, kuchera dombo iri kwave kunoonekwa nevakawanda sevasina kukodzera. hupfumi. O'Leary akandiudza kuti dzimwe nzira dzemafuta efossil "dzakada kuita shale 2.0."
Keppel isangano reSingapore-based conglomerate uye imwe yepasi rose inogadzira oiri rig. Yakatenga Brownsville Shipyard muna 1990 ndokuiita musimboti weAmFELS division. Kweakawanda emakore 30 akatevera, nzvimbo yekugadzira ngarava yakabudirira. Nekudaro, Keppel yakashuma kuti bhizinesi rayo remagetsi richarasikirwa neUS $ 1 bhiriyoni muna 2020, kunyanya nekuda kwebhizimusi rayo repasirese remafuta regi. Yakazivisa kuti mukuedza kudzivirira kudonha kwemari, inoronga kubuda mubhizinesi uye kutarisa pane simba rinodzoreredzwa. Mukuru weKeppel, Luo Zhenhua akapika mukutaura "kuvaka mutungamiri weindasitiri anochinjika uye kugadzirira shanduko yesimba repasi rose."
Iwo akasiyana edzimwe nzira akaenzana nekukasira kune NOV. Iyo Houston-yakavakirwa behemoth, yaimbozivikanwa seNational Oilwell Varco, yakagadzira chikepe chekuisa turbine chemhepo chiri kuvaka Keppel Shipyard. NOV ndeimwe yepasirese yakakura kwazvo oiri uye gasi indasitiri yekugadzira michina, ine vashandi vangangoita zviuru makumi maviri nemasere. Vashandi ava vakapararira mumafekitori mazana mashanu nemakumi manomwe nenhatu munyika makumi matanhatu neimwe mumakondinendi matanhatu, asi vangangoita chikamu chimwe muzvina chavo (vanhu vangangosvika zviuru zvitanhatu nemazana matanhatu) vanoshanda muTexas. Nekuda kwekuneta kwekudiwa kwemichina mitsva yepetroleum, yakashuma kurasikirwa kweUS$2.5 bhiriyoni muna Mbudzi gore rapfuura. Iye zvino, ichishandisa hunyanzvi hwayo hwakaunganidzwa muchikamu chemafuta negesi, kambani iri kugadzira midziyo mitsva mishanu yekuisa turbine yemhepo iri kuvakwa kutenderera pasirese, kusanganisira imwe muBrownsville. Iyo ine jack-up makumbo uye cranes kune akati wandei awo, uye inoshandurwa kubva kumafuta ekumahombekombe kune offshore mhepo simba. Clay Williams, mukuru mukuru weNOV, akataura kuti "simba rinovandudzwa rinonakidza kumasangano kana minda yemafuta isinganakidze". Paakati “kunakidza”, akanga asingarevi varaidzo. Aida kuita mari.
Yakakosha kuhupfumi hweTexas, bhizinesi resimba rinowanzotsanangurwa serinenge rakakamurwa mune zvechitendero. Kune rimwe divi, Mafuta Makuru muenzaniso wehuchokwadi hwehupfumi kana kunyomba kwezvakatipoteredza-zvinoenderana nemaonero ako enyika. Kune rimwe divi kune Big Green, shasha yekufambira mberi kwezvakatipoteredza kana kuipa kwakashata-zvakare, zvinoenderana nemaonero ako. Aya makomiki ari kuramba achichinyakare. Mari, kwete tsika, kuumba simba, shanduko dzehupfumi dziri kutsanangudza nzvimbo yesimba muTexas: kudzikira kweindasitiri yeoiri kwakakosha kupfuura kutenderera kwazvino, uye kukwira kwesimba rinodzokororwa kwakasimba kupfuura mabhuru anofambiswa nerubatsiro.
Munguva ye fiasco yechando chechando munaFebruary, kusiyana kwakasara pakati pesimba rekare uye simba idzva rakaratidzwa pamhemberero. Iyo polar vortex iyo dzimwe nyika dzakadzikama dzakabata nayo yakonzera kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kune giredhi remagetsi, iyo yave isingatariswe nemagavhuna akatevedzana, vemitemo uye vanodzora kwemakore gumi. Mushure mekunge dutu ratora dzimba 4.5 miriyoni pasina Indaneti, zhinji dzacho dzakadzimwa kwemazuva akati wandei dzikauraya vanopfuura zana veTexans. Gavhuna Greg Abbott akaudza Fox News kuti "mhepo uye simba rezuva rakavharwa" Izvi "zvinongoratidza kuti mafuta efossil anodiwa." Jason Isaac, mutungamiriri wepurojekiti yesimba reTexas Public Policy Foundation, akanyora kuti hwaro itangi yekufunga ine mari yakawanda inopihwa nemapoka echido chemafuta. Akanyora kuti, Kudzima kwemagetsi kunoratidza kuti "kuisa mazai akawandisa mubhasiketi resimba rinogoneka kuchava nemhedzisiro inotyisa."
Inenge 95% yesimba idzva rakarongwa muTexas imhepo, solar, uye mabhatiri. ERCOT inofanotaura kuti kugadzirwa kwesimba remhepo kunogona kuwedzera ne44% gore rino.
Hazvishamisi kuti kwaya yakanyatsoziviswa. Kune rimwe divi, hapana anonyatso kurudzira kuti Texas kana nyika ichakurumidza kusiya mafuta efossil. Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwavo mukufambisa kuchadzikira mumakumi mashoma emakore anotevera, vanogona kugara kwenguva yakareba sezvitubu zvesimba zvemaindasitiri maitirwo akadai sekugadzira simbi uye zvakasiyana siyana mbishi kubva kufetereza kusvika kumabhodhi ekusevha. Kune rimwe divi, marudzi ese ekugadzira magetsi - mhepo, zuva, gasi rechisikigo, marasha, uye simba renyukireya - zvakakundikana panguva yedutu muna Kukadzi, zvakanyanya nekuti vakuru vesimba reTexas havana kuteerera kune gumi Nyevero kubva makore apfuura yakabvumira fekitari kuti urarame muchando. Kubva kuDakota kuenda kuDenmark, maturbine emhepo ekushanda kunotonhora akanakawo mumamiriro ekutonhora kumwewo. Kunyangwe hafu yematurbine ese emhepo paGredhi yeTexas akaomeswa nechando pamazuva asina kufa muna Kukadzi, maturbine mazhinji emhepo akaramba achitenderera akagadzira magetsi akawanda kupfuura Texas Electric Reliability Board Sezvaitarisirwa, komisheni ine basa rekutonga simba guru renyika. grid. Izvi zvimwe zvinoumba huwandu hukuru hwekugadzirwa kwegasi rechisikigo rakabviswa.
Nekudaro, kune vanotsoropodza mafossil dzimwe nzira dzemafuta, chokwadi chekuti makumi maviri neshanu muzana emagetsi eTexas muna 2020 achauya kubva kumhepo turbines uye solar panel neimwe nzira zvinoreva kuti kudzimwa kwemagetsi kunofanirwa kunge kuri kupenya. Mhosva yemuchina wegirinhi unokurumidza kukurumidza. Gore rakapera, kugadzirwa kwesimba remhepo muTexas kwakapfuura kugadzirwa kwemarasha kekutanga. Sekureva kweERCOT, ingangoita 95% yesimba idzva remagetsi riri kurongwa mudunhu rese imhepo, solar uye mabhatiri. Sangano rinofanotaura kuti kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emhepo kunogona kuwedzera ne44% gore rino, ukuwo magetsi ekugadzira mapurojekiti makuru ezuva anogona kudarika katatu.
Kuwedzera kwesimba rinodzokororwa kunopa ngozi chaiyo kune zvido zveoiri. Imwe ndeyekuwedzera kukwikwidzana kwerupo rwehurumende. Nekuda kwekusiyana mune izvo zvinosanganisirwa, kuverengerwa kwerubatsiro rwesimba kunosiyana zvakanyanya, asi fungidziro ichangoburwa yehuwandu hwegore rose hwemafuta emafuta emafuta eUS kubva paUS$20.5 bhiriyoni kusvika US$649 bhiriyoni. Kune rimwe simba, ongororo yemubatanidzwa yakaratidza kuti nhamba ye2016 yaive $6.7 bhiriyoni, kunyangwe yaingoverenga yakananga federal rubatsiro. Pasinei nenhamba, pendulum yezvematongerwo enyika iri kufamba kubva kumafuta uye gasi. Muna Ndira wegore rino, Mutungamiri Biden vakapa mutemo wepamusoro pamusoro pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvaida kuti hurumende yemubatanidzwa "ive nechokwadi chekuti, mukati mechikamu chekutevedzera mitemo inoshanda, mari yemubatanidzwa haitsigire mafuta efossil zvakananga."
Kurasikirwa nerubatsiro ingozi imwe chete yeoiri negasi. Zvinotonyanya kutyisa kurasikirwa kwemugove wemusika. Kunyangwe makambani emafuta ezvicherwa anosarudza kutsvaga simba rinogoneka anogona kurasikirwa nevakwikwidzi vanochinjika uye vane mari. Mhepo dzakachena uye makambani ezuva ari kuita masimba ane simba, uye kukosha kwemusika kwehofori dzetekinoroji seApple neGoogle iko zvino kunoderedza kukosha kwemusika kwemakambani ane mafuta akanyorwa.
Zvakangodaro, makambani eTexas mazhinji ari kushandisa hunyanzvi hwaakaunganidza mubhizimusi remafuta emafuta kuyedza kukudziridza mukana wekukwikwidza mumusika une hukasha hwemagetsi akachena. "Zvii zviri kuitwa nemakambani emafuta negasi kubvunza kuti, 'Tinoitei uye unyanzvi uhwu hunotigonesa kuita simba rinodzokororwa?'" akadaro James West, muongorori weindasitiri yemafuta kuEvercore ISI, bhanga rekudyara mari muNew York. Akataura kuti "makambani ari mudunhu reTexas oiri, ari kupinda mune imwe nzvimbo yemagetsi, ane imwe FOMO." Uku kudzungudza musoro kune vatyairi vecapitalist vakasimba vanotya kurasikirwa nemikana. Sezvo vakuru vakuru vakawanda veTexas Petroleum vanopinda mumuitiro wesimba rinoshandiswazve, West inorondedzera kufunga kwavo se: “Kana kukashanda, hatidi kuva mumwe munhu anoratidzika kuva akapusa mumakore maviri.”
Sezvo indasitiri yemafuta negasi ichishandisazve simba rinowanikwazve, Texas inonyanya kubatsira. Maererano nedheta kubva kukambani yekutsvakurudza simba BloombergNEF, kusvika ikozvino gore rino, grid ye ERCOT yakachengetedza zvibvumirano zvenguva refu yekubatanidza mamwe mhepo itsva uye simba rekugadzira simba rezuva kupfuura chero imwe grid munyika. Mumwe wevaongorori, Kyle Harrison, akataura kuti makambani makuru emafuta ane mabasa akawanda muTexas ari kutenga chikamu chakakosha chesimba rinowanikwazve, uye makambani aya anonzwa achiwedzera kupisa kuderedza kabhoni yavo. Pamusoro pezvo, mazhinji emakambani aya ane mazita makuru evashandi, uye hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuchera hunoshanda kune zvimwe zviwanikwa zvine hushamwari. Sekureva kwaJesse Thompson, Texas ine ingangoita hafu yeUS mafuta uye gasi mabasa ekugadzira, uye angangoita matatu muzvina eUS petrochemical mabasa ekugadzira, aine "inoshamisa engineering, zvinhu sainzi Uye organic chemistry tarenda base", mukuru bhizinesi economist kuFederal Reserve Bank. yeDallas muHouston. "Kune matarenda mazhinji anogona kushandurwa."
Kudzimwa kwemagetsi muna Kukadzi kwakaratidza kuti bhizinesi remafuta ezvicherwa nderimwe revanokara zvakanyanya vanoshandisa magetsi muTexas. Chikamu chikuru chekugadzirwa kwegasi renyika kwakamira, kwete nekuda kwekutonhora kwemidziyo yekupomba, asiwo nekuti mizhinji yemidziyo isina chando yakapera simba. Ichi chishuwo chinoreva kuti kumakambani mazhinji emafuta, iro rakareruka renewable simba zano kutenga muto wegirinhi kuti uwedzere bhizinesi ravo rebrown. Exxon Mobil neOccidental Petroleum dzakasaina chibvumirano chekutenga simba rezuva kuti ribatsire masimba ayo muPermian Basin. Baker Hughes, kambani hombe yemunda wemafuta, inoronga kuwana ese magetsi aanoshandisa muTexas kubva kumhepo uye mapurojekiti ezuva. Dow Chemical yakasaina kondirakiti yekutenga magetsi kubva kugwenya remagetsi ezuva kumaodzanyemba kweTexas kudzikisa kushandiswa kwefossil petrochemical plant yayo yeGulf Coast petrochemical.
Kuzvipira kwakadzama kwemakambani emafuta ndiko kutenga migove mumapurojekiti emagetsi anovandudzwa-kwete chete kushandisa magetsi, asiwo nekudzoka. Sechiratidzo chekukura kwemamwe masimba emagetsi, vanhu vazhinji paWall Street vari kutanga kufunga kuti mhepo uye simba rezuva zvakavimbika kupfuura mafuta uye gasi kubhadhara mumari. Mumwe wevanonyanya kuita basa reiyi zano ihofori yemafuta yeFrance Total, iyo yakawana danda rekutonga muCalifornia-based solar panel inogadzira SunPower makore akati wandei apfuura, uye mugadziri webhatiri weFrance Saft, ane purojekiti inogona kuva Funga nezve simba rinodzokororwa nemagetsi. kugadzirwa kuchaita 40% yekutengesa kwayo ne2050-inobvuma, iyi inguva yakareba. Muna Kukadzi wegore rino, Total yakazivisa kuti yaizotenga mapurojekiti mana munzvimbo yeHouston. Mapurojekiti aya ane simba rekugadzira simba rezuva re2,200 MW uye simba rekugadzira bhatiri re600 MW. Total ichashandisa isingasviki hafu yemagetsi ayo pakuita kwayo uye kutengesa mamwe.
Kura kuburikidza nechinangwa chakasimba chekutonga musika munaNovember. Ikozvino yave kushandisa hurongwa hwayo husingaverengeki hwakakwenenzverwa muoiri kusimba rinogonekazve.
Makambani emafuta akarangwa zvikuru anotora chikamu mujaho remagetsi akasiyana anoita zvinopfuura kungonyora cheki. Ivo vari kuongorora kwavanogona kushandisa zvakanyanya hunyanzvi hwavo hwekubvisa mafuta uye gasi. NOV naKeppel vari kuyedza iyi repositioning. Kusiyana nevagadziri vemafuta vane midziyo mikuru mahydrocarbon akavigwa mumatombo epasi pevhu, aya makondirakiti epasi rose ane hunyanzvi, mafekitori, mainjiniya, uye mari yekuzviendesa kune isiri-fossil simba remagetsi zviri nyore. Evercore analyst West inoreva kumakambani aya se "vanotora" vepasi pemafuta.
NOV yakafanana nebulldoza. Yakakura kuburikidza nekutora zvine hukasha uye nevavariro dzakasindimara dzekutonga musika. West yakaratidza kuti zita rayo rezita mumhizha "hapana mumwe mutengesi" -zvinoreva kuti kana iwe uri mugadziri wesimba, "iwe une dambudziko nerig yako, unofanira kudana NOV nokuti hapana mumwe mutengesi. "Ikozvino, kambani iri kushandisa hurongwa hwayo husina muganho hwakakwenenzverwa muoiri kusimba rinowanikwazve.
Pandakataura nemutungamiri weNOV Williams kubudikidza neZoom, zvese nezvake zvakaita kuti Petroleum CEO azhambatata: hembe yake chena yakasungirirwa pamutsipa; tie yake yakanyarara ine muenzaniso; tafura yemusangano inomugara Nzvimbo iri pakati pedhesiki rake uye madziro emahwindo asina kuvhiringwa muhofisi yake yeHouston; akarembera pakabheji kuseri kwebendekete rake rekurudyi, pane mifananidzo yevakomana vemombe vatatu vari kukwira nemuguta remafuta. Pasina chinangwa chekubuda muindasitiri yeoiri munaNovember, Williams anotarisira kuti indasitiri yemafuta ichapa yakawanda yemari yayo mumakore mashoma anotevera. Anofungidzira kuti panosvika 2021, bhizinesi remagetsi emhepo rekambani richangoburitsa mari inosvika mazana maviri emamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, ichiverengera chikamu che3% chekutengesa kwayo, asi mamwe masimba anogona kudzokororwa haazowedzere nhamba iyi.
NOV haina kutendeudzira kutarisa kwayo kune simba rinodzokororwa kunze kwechishuwo chekuda kwegirinhi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Kusiyana nevamwe vagadziri vemafuta makuru uye kunyange American Petroleum Institute, iyo indasitiri huru yekutengeserana, haina kuzvipira kudzikisa kabhoni yayo, uye haina kutsigira pfungwa yehurumende yekuisa mutengo wekuburitsa. Williams anonzwira urombo avo vane sundo iri yoku“shandura nyika,” akandiudza kudaro, asi “savemacapitalist, tinofanira kudzorerwa mari yedu, uye ipapo kudzorerwa imwe mari.” Anotenda kuti mamwe masosi emagetsi-kwete simba remhepo chete, asiwo Kune simba rezuva, hydrogen simba, geothermal simba uye akati wandei mamwe magetsi masosi-iyo musika muhombe une kukura kwayo uye purofiti miganho inogona kudarika iyo yemafuta uye yakasikwa. gasi. "Ndinofunga ndivo ramangwana rekambani."
Kwemakumi emakore, NOV, kufanana nevakawanda vevakwikwidzi vebasa remafuta, yakaganhurira mabasa ayo anogona kudzokororwa kune imwe tekinoroji: geothermal, iyo inosanganisira kushandisa zvinongogadzirwa kupisa kwepasi pevhu kusimba maturbine uye kugadzira magetsi. Iyi nzira ine zvakawanda zvakafanana nekugadzirwa kweoiri: inoda matsime ekuchera kuti abvise zvinwiwa zvinopisa kubva pasi, uye kuisa pombi, metres, uye zvimwe midziyo yekugadzirisa zvinwiwa izvi zvinobuda pasi. Zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa neNOV kune indasitiri yegeothermal zvinosanganisira kuchera mabhiti uye fiberglass-yakaiswa mutsime pombi. "Iri ibhizinesi rakanaka," Williams akadaro. "Zvisinei, kana zvichienzaniswa nebhizimusi redu reminda yemafuta, harina kukura zvakadaro."
Indasitiri yeoiri mugodhi wakapfuma mumakore gumi nemashanu ekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21, uye kukura kusingadzoreki kwehupfumi hweAsia kwakurudzira kuwedzera kwezvinodiwa pasi rose. Kunyanya mushure megore ra2006, pamusoro pekuderera kwenguva pfupi panguva yedambudziko remari repasi rose ra2008, mitengo yakakwira. Williams paakagadzwa CEO weNOV muna Kukadzi 2014, mutengo wedhiramu remafuta waisvika US$114. Paakayeuka nguva iyoyo muhurukuro yedu, akatsvuka nemufaro. "Zvakanaka," akadaro, "Zvakanaka."
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei mitengo yemafuta yakaramba yakakwira kwenguva yakareba inyaya yekuti OPEC yakatsigira mitengo yemafuta nekurambidza kugadzirwa kwakatarisana nekuwedzera kugadzirwa muUnited States. Asi muchirimo cha2014, mitengo yemafuta yakaderera. Mushure mekunge OPEC yazivisa pamusangano muna Mbudzi kuti ichaita kuti mapombi ayo arambe achiderera, mitengo yemafuta yakawedzera kuderera, danho rakadudzirwa zvakanyanya sekuyedza kudzinga vakwikwidzi vayo vekuAmerica.
Panosvika 2017, mutengo padhiramu uchagara paUS$50. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwedzera kukurumbira kwemhepo uye simba rezuva uye kuderera kwemari kwakaita kuti hurumende ishingairire kukurudzira kuderedza kabhoni. Williams akaunganidza vangangoita 80 Mbudzi vatungamiriri kuti vatore chikamu mu "simba rekuchinja forum" kuti vaone maitiro ekutonga munyika iyo yakangoerekana yaita isinganakidze. Akagadza injiniya mukuru kuti atungamirire boka kuti ritsvage mikana pamusangano wezvemagetsi. Akapa mamwe mainjiniya kuti ashande pa "chakavanzika Manhattan chirongwa-mhando yemabasa" - mazano anogona kushandisa mafuta eNOV negasi hunyanzvi "kugadzira mukana wekukwikwidza mumunda wesimba rakachena."
Mamwe emazano aya achiri kushanda. Williams akandiudza kuti imwe inzira inoshanda yekuvaka mapurazi ezuva. Nekudyara kwemakambani makuru, mapurazi ezuva ari kuramba achikura, kubva kuWest Texas kusvika kuMiddle East. Akataura kuti kuvakwa kwezvivakwa izvi kunowanzo "seyakakura IKEA fenicha yekugadzira chirongwa chero munhu akamboona". Kunyangwe Williams akaramba kupa ruzivo, NOV iri kuyedza kuuya nemaitiro ari nani. Imwe pfungwa ingangodaro nzira itsva yekuchengetedza ammonia-chemikari NOV yakagadzirwa kuti ibudise hydrogen michina, senzira yekutakura yakawanda yemhepo uye simba rezuva rekugadzira magetsi, chinhu ichi chiri kuwedzera kutariswa.
NOV inoramba ichiisa mari yakawanda musimba remhepo. Muna 2018, yakawana muvaki wechiDutch GustoMSC, ane chinzvimbo chikuru mukugadzira ngarava uye inoshandira indasitiri yemagetsi yemhepo yekuEurope. Muna 2019, NOV yakatenga danda muDenver-based Keystone Tower Systems. NOV inotenda kuti kambani yakagadzira nzira yekuvaka shongwe dzemhepo dzakareba nemutengo wakaderera. Panzvimbo pekushandisa nzira yakakurumbira yekugadzira shongwe yega yega tubular nekubatanidza mahwendefa esimbi akakomberedzwa pamwechete, Keystone inoronga kushandisa inoenderera simbi spirals kuigadzira, zvakada kuita semakadhibhodi echimbuzi mapeji. Nemhaka yekuti spiral structure inowedzera simba repombi, iyi nzira inofanira kubvumira kushandiswa kwesimbi shoma.
Kune makambani anogadzira michina, "kuchinja kwesimba kunogona kuve nyore kuwana", pane makambani anoita mari nekutengesa goridhe dema.
NOV's venture capital arm yakaisa mamirioni emadhora muKeystone, asi yakaramba kupa nhamba chaidzo. Iyi haisi mari hombe yaMbudzi, asi kambani inoona iyi mari senzira yekushandisa zvayakanakira kupinda mumusika uri kukurumidza kukura. Chibvumirano ichi chakabvumira kuvhurwazve kwegwenya rekuvaka midziyo yemafuta muna Mbudzi, iyo yakavharwa gore rapfuura nekuda kwekuderera kwemusika wemafuta. Inowanikwa muguta rePanhandle muPampa, kwete chete pakati pemafuta eAmerica, asiwo pakati pe "wind belt". Muti wePampa hauratidzi zviratidzo zve-high-tech simba revolution. Iri iyadhi yakasiiwa yevhu nekongiri ine zvivakwa zvitanhatu zvemaindasitiri zvirefu uye nhete zvine matenga emarata. Keystone iri kuisa michina yayo yekutanga-ye-yayo ipapo kuti itange kugadzira spiral wind turbine tower gare gare gore rino. Fekitori iyi yaive nevashandi vanosvika makumi masere nevashanu isati yavharwa gore rapfuura. Iye zvino kune vashandi vanenge gumi nevashanu. Zvinonzi panenge pave nevashandi makumi manomwe panosvika Gunyana. Kana kutengesa kukafamba zvakanaka, panogona kunge paine vashandi mazana maviri pakati pegore rinouya.
Kutarisa nzira yaNovember Keystone yaive yaimbova Goldman Sachs investimendi mubhengi Narayanan Radhakrishnan. Radhakrishnan paakafunga kusiya hofisi yeGoldman Sachs 'Houston muna 2019, aishandira kambani yebasa remafuta, kwete mugadziri wemafuta, nekuti akaongorora matambudziko ekupona kweindasitiri iyi. Mukufona kweZoom kumba muna Kukadzi, akapokana kuti "kuchinja kwesimba kungave nyore kuwana" kumakambani anogadzira michina yemagetsi, pane makambani anoita mari nekutengesa goridhe dema. NOV's "yakanyanya kukwikwidza haiziri muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira; ndezvekuvaka zvinhu zvikuru, zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvinoshanda munzvimbo dzakaoma.” Naizvozvo, zvichienzaniswa nevagadziri vemafuta, NOV iri nyore kushandura kutarisa, iyo "midziyo iri pasi pevhu".
Radhakrishnan anotarisira kuti kushandisa ruzivo rweNOV mukugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemaoiri enhare kuKeystone's spiral wind tower michina inogona kuvhura nzvimbo dzakakura dzeUnited States nepasirese uye ive musika une pundutso wemagetsi emhepo. Kazhinji, shongwe dze turbine dzemhepo dziri kure nefekitari kwadzinovakwa kunzvimbo yadzinoiswa. Dzimwe nguva, izvi zvinoda nzira inotenderera kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi, senge nzira huru. Pasi pezvipingamupinyi izvi, shongwe yakasungirirwa pamubhedha werori haina kukodzera. Kuvaka shongwe pamutsetse wekusangana wakamiswa kwenguva pfupi pedyo nenzvimbo yekuisa, NOV inobheja kuti shongwe yacho inofanira kubvumidzwa kupetwa kaviri pakureba-kusvika 600 tsoka, kana 55 nyaya. Nekuti kumhanya kwemhepo kunowedzera nekukwirira, uye refu turbine blades inoburitsa muto wakawanda, shongwe refu dzinogona kukanda mari yakawanda. Pakupedzisira, kuvakwa kweshongwe dzeinjini yemhepo kungaendeswa kugungwa—chaizvoizvo, kugungwa.
Gungwa inzvimbo yakajairika yeNOV. Muna 2002, nekufarira kuri kukura kweruzivo rutsva rwesimba remhepo kubva kumahombekombe kuEurope, kambani yeDutch yekugadzira ngarava GustoMSC, iyo NOV yakazowana, yakasaina kondirakiti yekupa ngarava yekutanga yenyika yakagadzirirwa simba remhepo ine jack-up system. -Kuiswa kweturbine, Mayflower resolution. Bhaji iroro rinongokwanisa kuisa maturbine pakadzika 115 tsoka kana pasi. Kubva ipapo, Gusto akagadzira ngarava dzinosvika makumi matatu neshanu dzekuisa turbine, 5 dzadzo dzakagadzirwa mumakore maviri apfuura. Ngarava dzayo dziri pedyo, kusanganisira iyo yakavakwa muBrownsville, dzakagadzirirwa mvura yakadzika—kazhinji mamita 165 kana kupfuura.
NOV yatora matekinoroji maviri ekuchera mafuta, kunyanya kuisirwa turbine yemhepo. Imwe ijack-up system, ine makumbo ayo achipinda muuriri hwegungwa, achisimudza chikepe kusvika kumamita 150 pamusoro pemvura. Chinangwa ndechekuona kuti crane yayo inogona kusvika pakakwirira kuti iise shongwe uye mashizha emhepo turbine. Zvigaro zveoiri zvinowanzova nemakumbo matatu ejeko-up, asi ngarava dzeinjiniya dzemhepo dzinoda ina kuti dzitsungirire kumanikidzwa kwemidziyo inorema inofamba munzvimbo dzakakwirira kudaro. Midziyo yemafuta inoiswa patsime remafuta kwemwedzi yakati wandei, nepo ngarava dzeinjiniya dzemhepo dzichifamba kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, kazhinji dzichikwira nekudzika mazuva ese.
Imwezve shanduko yaNovember kubva kuoiri kuenda kumhepo inodzoreredzwa, 500-mamita-yakareba vhezheni yeyakajairwa rig inokwira crane. NOV yakaigadzira kuti ikwanise kusundira zvinhu zveturbine zvemhepo mudenga. Muna Ndira 2020, modhi yekireni nyowani yakaiswa muhofisi yaKeppel muChidan, Netherlands. Muna Mbudzi, vatungamiri makumi mana kubva kumativi ose enyika vakabhururuka kuti vatore chikamu mumusangano wemazuva maviri pamusoro pekambani yesimba remagetsi. . "Nzvimbo dzakakosha" gumi dzakabuda: nhatu isimba remhepo, kuwedzera simba rezuva, geothermal, hydrogen, kabhoni kubatwa uye kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza kwesimba, kuchera-kwegungwa kuchera, uye biogas.
Ndakabvunza Frode Jensen, mukuru mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weNOV kutengesa uye drilling rigs, mukuru akapinda musangano weSchiedam pamusoro pechinhu chekupedzisira, teknolojia inobatanidza kugadzirwa kwegesi inogona kupiswa kuti ibudise magetsi. Kunyanya kunobva gasi remusikirwo? Jensen akaseka. "Ndoisa sei?" akabvunza achidaidzira nemutauro wechiNorwegian. "Mhou shit." NOV inoita tsvakiridzo yebiogas nehumwe matekinoroji papurazi rakashandurwa kuita nzvimbo yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira muNavasota, guta diki riri pakati peHouston neguta reyunivhesiti, rinozivikanwa se "The blues capital of Texas". Ko Jensen's biogas bhiza vaanoshanda navo vanofunga kuti NOV inogona kuita mari kubva mairi? “Izvi,” haana kutaura, aine kakukahadzika nezvebasa rake reoiri remakore 25, “izvi ndizvo zvavanofunga.”
Kubva pamusangano muSchiedam rinenge gore nehafu rapfuura, Jensen akachinja nguva yake zhinji kumhepo. Ari kuraira NOV kuti ifambise mberi muganhu unotevera wesimba remhepo kubva kumahombekombe: maturbine makuru ari kure nemhenderekedzo yegungwa saka anoyangarara mumvura yakadzika kudaro. Izvo hazvina kuvharirwa pasi pegungwa, asi zvakasungwa pasi pegungwa, kazhinji neseti yetambo. Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinokurudzira kuunza mari uye matambudziko einjiniya ekuvaka chivakwa chakareba kudaro kumahombekombe: kudzivirira kupikisa kwevagari vemahombekombe vasingadi kuti maonero avo aparadzwe nemhepo turbines isiri kuseri kwemba yangu, uye kutora mukana weiyo. gungwa rakavhurika rakakura uye kumhanya kwemhepo. .
Ngarava iyi ichanzi Charybdis, yakatumidzwa zita remugungwa mungano dzechiGiriki. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ehupfumi akakomba anotarisana nebhizinesi remagetsi, iri ndiro zita rakakodzera remadunhurirwa.
Mamwe emakambani makuru emafuta epasi rose ari kushandisa mazakwatira emari kutenga nzira yawo yekutungamira mukudhumhana uku kuri kuramba kuchikwira. Semuyenzaniso, muna Kukadzi, BP neGerman inogadzira magetsi EnBW vakabatana vakadzinga vamwe vaikumbira kunze kwemvura kuti vabvute kodzero yekumisa "nzvimbo" yemhepo inoyangarara muGungwa reIrish pedyo neUK. BP neEnBW dzinoda kudarika Shell nemamwe mahofori emafuta, vachibvuma kubhadhara $1.37 bhiriyoni imwe neimwe yekodzero dzebudiriro. Tichifunga kuti vazhinji vanogadzira oiri munyika ndivo vatengi vayo, NOV inotarisira kuvatengesera michina mizhinji yavanozoshandisa kune offshore mhepo simba.
Kushandiswa kwesimba remhepo kwakashandurawo yadhi yeKeppel muBrownsville. Vashandi vayo zviuru zana nemazana mashanu - inenge hafu yevanhu vavakahaya pakukwirira kweoiri boom muna 2008 - pamusoro pemidziyo yekuisa turbine yemhepo, vari kuvakawo ngarava mbiri dzemidziyo uye dredger. Vanenge vashandi ve150 vakagoverwa kune iyi turbine yemhepo, asi apo kuvaka kunenge kwave kuenderera mberi gore rinouya, nhamba iyi inogona kuwedzera kusvika ku800. Vashandi vose venzvimbo yengarava vanogona kuwedzera kusvika ku1,800, zvichienderana nekusimba kwebhizimisi rayo rose.
Matanho ekutanga ekuvaka mhepo yekuisa turbine yekumisikidza mudziyo weDominion akafanana chaizvo neaya agara achishandiswa naKeppel kugadzira mafuta. Marata esimbi anorema anoiswa mumuchina unonzi Wilberett, unoaparadza. Zvidimbu izvi zvinobva zvachekwa, kupepetwa uye kuumbwa, zvobva zvasungwa kuita zvidimbu zvihombe zvechikepe, zvinonzi "sub-piece." Iwo anonamirwa kuita mabhuroko; mabhuroko aya anobva asungirirwa mugaba. Mushure mekugadzirisa uye kupenda - kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa muzvivako zvinonzi "makamuri anoputika", mamwe acho ane nhurikidzwa nhatu dzakakwirira - chikepe chine michina yayo uye nzvimbo yaro yekugara.
Asi pane misiyano yakakura pakati pekuvaka zvigadziriso zveoiri uye kuvaka zvikepe. Pavakavaka ngarava dzeDominion - kuvaka kwakatanga muna Gumiguru gore rapfuura uye kwakarongwa kupedzwa muna 2023 - vashandi veKeppel muBrownsville vaiyedza kuzvigona. Zvichida dambudziko risingachinjiki rinobatanidzwa nderokuti, kusiyana nezvigadziko zveoiri, zvikepe zvinoda nzvimbo yakafara yakashama padhishi razvo kuti zvichengete shongwe nemashizha zvichaiswa. Izvi zvakamanikidza mainjiniya kutsvaga waya dzengarava, pombi, uye michina yemukati yakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti chinhu chipi nechipi chaipfuura nepamusoro pedenga (zvakadai semapombi) zvidzikisirwe kusvika kumucheto kwedenga. Kuwana maitirwo eizvi kwakafanana nekugadzirisa dambudziko rakaoma. MuBrownsville, basa rakawira pamapfudzi emaneja weinjiniya ane makore makumi matatu nemasere Bernardino Salinas muchivanze.
Salinas akaberekerwa muRio Bravo, Mexico, pamuganhu weTexas. Anga ari kuBrownsville, Keppel kubvira paakawana dhigirii remasters muindustria engineering kubva kuTexas A&M University muKingsville muna 2005. Basa remufekitari. Masikati ega ega, Salinas paanonyatsoongorora purani yake yemagetsi uye ofunga pekuisa pikicha inotevera, achashandisa vhidhiyo kutaura nemumwe waanoshanda naye kuKeppel Shipyard yekuSingapore, iyo yakatovaka chikepe chekuisa turbine yemhepo. Mamwe masikati aFebruary muBrownsville—mangwanani akatevera acho muSingapore—vaviri ava vakakurukura nzira yokupombisa nayo pombi yemvura yakawanda uye ye<em>ballast water system kuita kuti mvura iyerere ichitenderedza ngarava. Kune rimwe divi, vakafunga marongero epombi huru dzekutonhodza injini.
Ngarava yeBrownsville ichanzi Charybdis. Mhuka yegungwa mungano yechiGiriki inogara pasi pematombo, ichimoneredza mvura kune rumwe rutivi rwomukoto wakamanikana, uye kune rumwe rutivi, chimwe chisikwa chinonzi Skula chichabvuta vafambisi vezvikepe vapi navapi vanopfuura pedyo zvikuru. Scylla naCharybdis vakamanikidza ngarava kuti dzisarudze nzira dzadzo nemazvo. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ehupfumi akaomarara umo Keppel uye bhizinesi resimba rinoshanda, iri rinoratidzika kunge rakakodzera zita remadunhurirwa.
Chigadziko chemafuta chichiri chakamira muchivanze cheBrownsville. Brian Garza, anoshanda ane makore makumi maviri nematanhatu mushandi weKeppel, akandiratidza izvi panguva yekushanya kwemaawa maviri kuburikidza neZoom masikati machena muna Kukadzi. Chimwe chiratidzo chenhamo yeindasitiri yemafuta ndechekuti Valaris anogara kuLondon, muridzi wenzvimbo huru yemafuta epasi rose, akashaya mari gore rapfuura uye akatengesa rig kusangano rakabatana neSpaceX nemutengo wakaderera wemadhora mazana matatu nemazana mashanu emadhora. Yakavambwa naBillionaire Elon Musk, akaita misoro yenhau paakazivisa mukupera kwegore rapfuura kuti aizotama kubva kuCalifornia kuenda kuTexas. Zvimwe zvisikwa zvaMusk zvinosanganisira mugadziri wemotokari yemagetsi Tesla, iyo yakabatsira mukupisa kweindasitiri yemafuta eTexas nekudya kudiwa kwemafuta. Garza akandiudza kuti SpaceX yakatumidza zita rekuti Deimos seimwe yemasatelliti maviri eMars. Musk akataura kuti SpaceX ichapedzisira yashandisa maroketi akavhurwa kubva kumapuratifomu ekumahombekombe kutakura vanhu kubva kuPasi kuenda kuRed Planet.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-16-2021