Chiratidzo chaAnish Kapoor cheCloud Gate chivezwa muChicago's Millennium Park chakafanana nemekiyuri yemvura, inoratidzira guta rakatenderedza. Kuwana kukwana uku ibasa rerudo.
“Zvandaida kuita neMillennium Park kuita chimwe chinhu chinotevedzera denga reChicago… kuitira kuti vanhu vaone makore achinyura uye zvivakwa zvirefu izvi zvinoratidzwa mubasa. Uyezve, nokuti iri pagedhi. Chimiro, mutori wechikamu, mutaridzi achakwanisa kupinda mukamuri iyi yakadzika kwazvo, iyo neimwe nzira inoita kukuratidzira kwemunhu izvo zvinoonekwa zvebasa zvinoratidzira kuratidzwa kweguta rakapoteredza. Anish Kapoor, Cloud Gate muvezi
Kubva panzvimbo yakanyarara yechivezwa chikuru chesimbi isina simbi, zvingava zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti isimbi yakawanda sei uye matumbu zvakavanda pasi pevhu. Cloud Gate ine nyaya dzevanopfuura zana simbi vanogadzira, vanocheka, vanowedha, vanopedzisa, mainjiniya, matekiniki, mafita, vanoisa uye maneja - anopfuura makore mashanu mukugadzira.
Vazhinji vakashanda maawa akawanda, vachishanda mumashopu pakati pehusiku, vakadzika musasa panzvimbo dzekuvaka uye vakashanda mukupisa kwe110-degree vakapfeka masutu akazara eTyvek® hazmat uye hafu yemask respirators. Vamwe vanoshanda munzvimbo dzinorwisa simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, vaine midziyo yakaturikwa kubva pamahanesi, uye vanoshanda pamateru anotsvedza. Zvose zvinoenda zvishoma (uye kure kure) kuita kuti zvisingagoneki zviitike.
Huremu hwematani zana negumi, 66 tsoka kureba uye 33 tsoka kureba, chivezwa chesimbi isina simbi, icho chine muvezi Anish Kapoor's ethereal pfungwa yekukwira kwemakore, ibasa rePerformance Structures Inc., femu inogadzira. (PSI), Oakland, California, uye MTH. Mission, Villa Park, Illinois. Pakupemberera kwayo 120th, MTH ndeimwe yekare simbi uye magirazi makondirakiti munzvimbo yeChicago.
Kuzadzikisa zvinodikanwa zvepurojekiti kunoda kuita kwehunyanzvi, hunyanzvi, ruzivo rwemuchina uye ruzivo rwekugadzira zvemakambani ese ari maviri. Vakaita kuhodha uye vakatogadzira michina yeprojekti.
Mamwe ematambudziko epurojekiti aya aienderana nechimiro chayo chakakombama zvinoshamisa - rukuvhute kana guvhu rakatenderedzwa - uye mamwe nekukura kwaro. Chivezwa, chakavakwa nemakambani maviri akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana zviuru zvemamaira zvakaparadzana, zvakagadzira matambudziko emumigwagwa uye maitiro. Maitiro mazhinji anoda kuitwa mumunda anonetsa kuita pasi pechitoro, ndoda kumunda. Matambudziko mazhinji anomuka nekuda kwekuti zvimiro zvakadaro hazvina kumbogadzirwa, saka hapana mareferensi, hapana mifananidzo, hapana mepu yemigwagwa.
Ethan Silva wePSI ane ruzivo rwakakura mukugadzira, kutanga kune zvikepe uye gare gare kune mamwe mapurojekiti ehunyanzvi, uye ane hunyanzvi hwekuita basa rekugadzira. Anish Kapoor akakumbira mudzidzi weFizikisi neArt kuti ape modhi diki.
“Saka ndakagadzira 2m by 3m piece, yakanyatso curved, piece yakakwenenzverwa, akati, ‘Aa, wazviita, ndiwe wega wazviita,’ nekuti anga achitsvaga makore maviri. Huya, kumbira mumwe munhu azviite,” akadaro Silva.
Hurongwa hwepakutanga hwaive hwekuti PSI igadzire uye ivake chivezwa chacho chose uye vozochitakura chose kuenda kuSouth Pacific Ocean, kuburikidza nePanama Canal, kuchamhembe vachipinda muAtlantic Ocean uye nemuSt. Lawrence Seaway kuenda kuchiteshi cheLake. Michigan, maererano nemukuru mukuru. Edward's Millennium Park Corporation, yakanyatsogadzirirwa conveyor system ichamuendesa kuMillennium Park, Ulliel akadaro. Zvinetso zvenguva uye kushanda kwakamanikidza shanduko kune izvi zvirongwa. Saka mapaneru akakomberedzwa aifanira kugadzirirwa kutakurwa obva atakurwa nerori kuenda kuChicago, uko MTH yakaunganidza substructure uye superstructure uye yakabatanidza mapanera kune superstructure.
Kupedza uye kupukuta Cloud Gate welds kuti ivape seamless kutaridzika yaive imwe yeakanyanya kuoma maficha ekuisa uye kusangana panzvimbo. Iyo 12-nhanho nzira inopedzwa nekushandiswa kweblush inopenya, yakafanana nejewelry polish.
"Chaizvoizvo, takashanda pabasa iri, tichiita zvikamu izvi kwemakore anenge matatu," akadaro Silva. “Iri ibasa rakakura. Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti uone kuti ungazviita sei uye nekugadzirisa iwo mameseji; munoziva, zvakakwana. Maitiro edu, anoshandisa tekinoroji yekombuta uye simbi yakanaka yekare, musanganiswa wefogi uye tekinoroji yemuchadenga. "
Maererano naye, zvakaoma kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakakura uye chinorema nehupamhi hwepamusoro. Maslabs makuru akaenzana nemamita manomwe paupamhi uye 11 tsoka kureba uye airema 1,500 pounds.
"Kuita basa rose reCAD uye kugadzira mifananidzo chaiyo yezvitoro zvechigadzirwa ichi raive basa guru pacharo," anodaro Silva. “Tinoshandisa hunyanzvi hwemakombiyuta kuyera marata nekuongorora nemaumbirwo awo nemakubhitika kwawo kuti aenderane nemazvo.
"Takaita kuenzanisa kwekombuta tichibva tazviparadzanisa," akadaro Silva. "Ini ndakashandisa ruzivo rwangu mukuvaka magoko uye ndakaona nzira yekutsemura mold kuitira kuti mitsetse ishande kuitira kuti tiwane mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro."
Mamwe mahwendefa ane sikweya uye mamwe akaita sepai. Kana vari pedyo neshanduko yakapinza, ivo vanonyanya kuumbwa-pai uye yakakura iyo radius yeradial shanduko. Pamusoro dzakati sandara uye dzakakura.
Plasma yekucheka 1/4 kusvika 3/8 inch gobvu 316L simbi isina tsvina yakaoma zvakakwana pachayo, Silva anodaro. “Dambudziko chairo rakanga riri rekuita kuti ndiro huru dzinyatsopeta. Izvi zvakaitwa nekunyatso kuumbwa uye kugadzira mbabvu yendiro yega yega. Izvi zvakatibvumira kunyatsoona chimiro chendiro yega yega. "
Mashizha akakungurutswa pa 3D rolls akagadzirwa uye anogadzirwa nePSI zvakanangana nekukungurusa aya mapepa (ona Fig. 1). “Inenge yehama yechirungu ice rink. Tinoakungurutsa tichishandisa hunyanzvi hwakafanana nekugadzira mapapiro,” anodaro Silva. Bend rimwe nerimwe bepa nekurifambisa kumashure nekumberi pama rollers, kugadzirisa kudzvanywa pama rollers kusvika pepa riri mukati me 0.01 ″ yehukuru hunodiwa. Maererano naye, iyo inodiwa yakakwirira yakarurama inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuumba mahwendefa zvakanaka.
Iwo mawelder anobva apinza ndiro yakabhenda kune mukati meiyo ribbed system vachishandisa flux cores. "Sekuona kwangu, kunyura kwemvura inzira yakanaka kwazvo yekugadzira masimbi emagetsi musimbi isina tsvina," anotsanangura kudaro Silva. "Inoburitsa emhando yepamusoro welds, yakanangana nekugadzira uye inotaridzika zvakanaka."
Nzvimbo yose yemapuranga inoiswa jecha nemaoko uye inogadzirwa kuti icheke kusvika kune chiuru chinodiwa che inch chaiyo kuitira kuti ienderane pamwe chete zvakakwana (ona Mufananidzo 2). Simbisa zviyero zvine kuyera kwakaringana uye laser scanning michina. Pakupedzisira, bhodhi rinoputirwa kusvika pagirazi rinopera uye rakafukidzwa nefirimu rinodzivirira.
Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemapuranga, pamwe chete nechigadziko uye chimiro chemukati, zvakaiswa mumusangano wekutongwa zvisati zvatumirwa kubva kuAuckland (ona nhamba 3 uye 4). Nzira yekurembera mahwendefa akarongwa uye masimbi akagadzirwa pane mamwe mahwendefa madiki kuti abatane pamwechete. "Saka patakaiisa pamwechete muChicago, takaziva kuti yaizokwana," akadaro Silva.
Tembiricha, nguva uye kudedera kwetrolley zvinogona kuita kuti chigadzirwa chakakungurutswa chisununguke. Iyo ribbed mesh yakagadzirirwa kwete kungowedzera kusimba kwebhodhi, asiwo kuchengetedza chimiro chebhodhi panguva yekufambisa.
Naizvozvo, mahwendefa anoiswa pasi pekupisa kurapwa uye kutonhora kuitira kudzikisa kushushikana kwezvinhu nekusimbisa mesh kubva mukati. Kuwedzera kudzivirira kukanganisa panguva yekutakura, mabhuraketi akagadzirwa ebhodhi rimwe nerimwe uye akaiswa mumidziyo anenge mana panguva.
Midziyo yacho yakabva yaiswa pamasemi-trailer, angangoita mana panguva, ndokutumirwa kuChicago nevashandi vePSI kuti vaise nevashandi veMTH. Mumwe ndiye logistician anoronga zvekufambisa, uye mumwe wacho ndiye musoro wehunyanzvi wesaiti. Anoshanda zuva nezuva nevashandi veMTH uye anobatsira kugadzira matekinoroji matsva sezvinodiwa. "Chokwadi, akanga ari chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirisa," akadaro Silva.
Mutungamiri weMTH, Lyle Hill, vanoti MTH Industries pakutanga yakapihwa basa rekumisa chivezwa cheethereal pasi uye nekuisa iyo superstructure, ndokuzoisa mahwendefa kwairi uye kuita jecha rekupedzisira nekupukuta, nePSI ichipa hunyanzvi hwekutungamira. Kupedzisa chivezwa kwaireva unyanzvi. Kuenzanisa nekudzidzira, dzidziso nekudzidzira, nguva inodiwa uye nguva yakarongwa.
Lou Czerny, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weinjiniya uye maneja weprojekiti kuMTH, akati akafadzwa nekusiyana kweprojekiti. "Sekuziva kwedu, zvinhu zvakati kuti zvakaitika pachirongwa ichi zvisati zvaitwa kana kutariswa," akadaro Czerny.
Asi kugadzira yekutanga yerudzi rwayo kunoda hunyanzvi hwekuita ipapo kupindura kumatambudziko asingatarisirwe uye kupindura mibvunzo inomuka munzira:
Iwe unoisa sei 128 mota-yakakura-stainless simbi mapaneru pane yekusingaperi superstructure nehanya? Maitiro ekutengesa hofori flexbeans pasina kuvimba nazvo? Nzira yekupinda mu weld pasina kukwanisa kupinza kubva mukati? Nzira yekuwana sei yakakwana girazi kupera kwesimbi isina tsvina welds mumunda? Chii chinoitika kana mheni ikamurova?
Czerny akati chiratidzo chekutanga chekuti ichi chichava chirongwa chinonetsa pakatanga kuvaka nekuiswa kwepuratifomu inorema 30 000-pound. Simbi chimiro chinotsigira chivezwa.
Kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwesimbi yakakwira zinc yakapihwa nePSI kuti iunganidze hwaro hweiyo substructure iri nyore, iyo substructure iri pakati nepakati pakati peresitorendi nepakati nepakati pepaki yemotokari, imwe neimwe iri pahurefu hwakasiyana.
"Saka hwaro hwakaita kunge cantilevered, kuzununguka pane imwe nguva," Czerny akadaro. "Patakaisa simbi iyi yakawanda, kusanganisira kutanga kwebasa resimbi chairo, takatozotyaira crane mugomba rakadzika mafiti mashanu."
Czerny akati vakashandisa yakaomesesa anchoring sisitimu, kusanganisira yekunyepedzera sisitimu yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa mumigodhi yemarasha uye mamwe makemikari anchor. Kana imwe simbi yesimbi yakasungirirwa mukongiri, iyo superstructure inofanira kuiswa iyo iyo shell ichabatanidzwa.
"Takatanga nekuisa truss system ine mbiri huru 304 Stainless steel O-rings - imwe kumucheto wekuchamhembe kwechimiro uye imwe kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba," anodaro Czerny (ona Mufananidzo 3). Mhete dzakasungirirwa ne intersecting tubular trusses. Iyo mhete yepakati subframe yakakamurwa uye yakasungwa panzvimbo uchishandisa GMAW uye electrode welding reinforcements.
“Saka kune ichi chivakwa chikuru kwazvo chisina munhu akamboona; zvese ndezvehurongwa hwezvimiro," Czerny akadaro.
Kunyangwe nekuedza kwakanyanya mukugadzira, huinjiniya, kugadzira nekuisa zvese zvinodikanwa kuprojekiti yeOakland, chivezwa chaive chisati chamboitika, uye nzira nyowani dzinogara dzichiperekedzwa nemaburrs uye zvikwambo. Saizvozvo, kubatanidza pfungwa dzekugadzira imwe kambani neimwe hazvisi nyore sekupfuudza baton. Pamusoro pezvo, chinhambwe chemuviri pakati pemasaiti chinokonzeresa kunonoka kuburitsa, zvichiita kuti kumwe kugadzirwa kwepa-saiti kuve kunonzwisisika.
"Kunyangwe maitirwo egungano uye emagetsi akagadzirwa kare muAuckland, mamiriro chaiwo esaiti aida kuti munhu wese ave nekugadzira," akadaro Silva. "Uye vashandi vemubatanidzwa vakanaka chaizvo."
Kwemwedzi mishomanana yekutanga, basa guru reMTH raive rekuona kuti chii chaidiwa kubasa rezuva, uye nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzira zvimwe zvezvikamu zvinodiwa pakuvaka subframe, pamwe chete nezvimwe zve struts, "shocks", maoko, pini. , uye, sezvakataura Hill, pogo tsvimbo. zvaidiwa kugadzira siding yenguva pfupi.
“Ichi chiitiko chinoramba chichienderera mberi, kugadzira nekugadzira panhunzi kuti zvinhu zvese zvifambe uye nekukasika kusvika kumunda. Isu tinopedza nguva yakawanda tichironga zvatinazvo, mune dzimwe nguva tichigadzira patsva nekugadzirisa, tobva taita zvikamu zvinodiwa.
"Chipiri chete tichava nezvinhu gumi zvatinofanira kuva nazvo munhandare neChitatu," Hill akadaro. "Tine nguva yakawanda yekuwedzera uye basa rakawanda pauriri hwechitoro rinoitwa pakati pehusiku."
"Inenge 75 muzana yemagungano emadziro anogadzirwa kana kugadziridzwa panzvimbo," anodaro Czerny. “Pane kakati wandei taizviita maawa 24 pazuva. Ndakanga ndiri muchitoro kutozosvikira na2 kana kuti 3 mumangwanani ndokudzoka kumba na5:30 mumangwanani, ndikageza, ndokutora zvinhu, zvichiri nyoro. ”
Iyo MTN yenguva pfupi yekumisa system inoshandiswa kuunganidza hull ine zvitubu, struts uye tambo. Zvose zvakabatanidzwa pakati pemahwendefa zvakasungirirwa kwenguva pfupi nemabhoti. "Saka chimiro chese chakabatana, chakamiswa mukati ne304 trusses," akadaro Czerny.
Takatanga nedome pazasi pechivezwa cheguvhu - "guvhu mukati meguvhu." Iyo dome yakamiswa kubva pamatrusses uchishandisa yechinguvana mana-point suspension spring support system, inosanganisira hangers, tambo uye zvitubu. Sezvo mamwe mapuranga akawedzerwa, zvitubu zvinova "chipo," akadaro Czerny. Zvitubu zvinozogadziriswa zvichienderana nehumwe huremu hwendiro imwe neimwe kuti ienzanise chivezwa chose.
Imwe neimwe yemabhodhi e168 ine yayo mana-mapoinzi kusimiswa uye chitubu system, saka ivo vanotsigirwa mumwe nemumwe panzvimbo. "Pfungwa iyi haisi yekumanikidza chero majoini sezvo akabatana ne0/0 gap," anodaro Czerny. "Kana bhodhi ikarova bhodhi pazasi inogona kutungamira mukupokana uye mamwe matambudziko."
Testamende yekurongeka kwePSI ndiko kukwana kwayo kwakaringana pasina kana backlash. "PSI yakaita basa rakanaka kugadzira mahwendefa aya," akadaro Czerny. “Ndinovapa mbiri nekuti, pakupedzisira, anokwana. Kukwana kwaive kwakanaka chaizvo izvo zvinondinakidza. Tiri kutaura chaizvo pamusoro pezviuru zvema inch. .”
"Pavakapedza gungano, vanhu vazhinji vakafunga kuti zvakaitwa," anodaro Silva, kwete chete nekuda kwezvisungo zvakasimba, asiwo nokuti chikamu chakanyatsobatanidzwa uye mapepa ayo akanyatsokwenenzverwa akaita hunyengeri. zvakaipoteredza. Asi butt seam inoonekwa, liquid mercury haina seams. Pamusoro pezvo, chivezwa ichi chichiri kudikanwa kusungirirwa zvizere kuti chichengetedze kutendeseka kwayo kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera, akadaro Silva.
Kupedzwa kweCloud Gate kwaifanira kunonoka panguva yekuvhurwa kukuru kwepaki mukudonha kwa2004, saka omphalus yaive GTAW blot, ndosaka yakagara kwemwedzi.
"Waigona kuona madiki madhiri akatenderedza chimiro anga ari TIG welds," Czerny akadaro. "Takatanga kudzika matende zvakare muna Ndira."
"Chinetso chikuru chakatevera chekugadzira chirongwa ichi chaive chekushongedza seams pasina kurasikirwa kwechimiro nekuda kwekuderera kweweld," akadaro Silva.
Sekureva kwaCzerny, plasma welding yakapa simba rinodiwa uye kusimba nengozi shoma kune pepa. Musanganiswa we98% argon uye 2% helium ndiyo yakanakisisa pakuderedza kusvibiswa nekuvandudza kunyunguduka.
Vagadziri vakashandisa keyhole plasma welding method vachishandisa simba reThermal Arc® uye terekta yakakosha uye gungano retochi rakagadzirwa uye rinoshandiswa nePSI.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-04-2023